Birth by cesarean delivery is increasing globally, particularly cesarean deliveries

without medical indication.

Children born via cesarean delivery may have an increased risk of negative health outcomes, but the evidence for psychiatric disorders is incomplete.

Objective

To evaluate the association between cesarean delivery and risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in the offspring.

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to December 19, 2018.

Search terms included all main mental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition).